THE PHYSICAL TOLL OF DIGITAL OVERLOAD ON STUDENTS: A REVIEW OF IMPACTS ON OCULAR HEALTH, POSTURE, AND SLEEP QUALITY

Abstract

The ubiquitous integration of digital devices in education, social interaction, and entertainment has led to unprecedented screen time among students globally. While offering numerous benefits, prolonged digital engagement, termed "digital overload," is increasingly recognized for its adverse physical health implications. This comprehensive review aims to synthesize current literature on the specific physical health consequences of digital overload in students, focusing on eyesight, musculoskeletal health (posture), and sleep quality. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted across databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) using keywords related to digital overload, screen time, students, ocular health, posture, musculoskeletal pain, and sleep. The review found a significant prevalence of Digital Eye Strain (DES)/Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), exacerbation of myopia progression, and dry eye symptoms among students due to digital overload. Additionally, increased incidence of neck and upper back pain ("text neck"), poor posture, and other musculoskeletal discomforts were reported. Disruption of circadian rhythms due to blue light exposure was also found to lead to delayed sleep onset, reduced sleep duration, fragmented sleep, and overall poor sleep quality. Digital overload poses a significant and multifaceted physical health challenge for the student population. Understanding these impacts is crucial for developing effective preventative strategies and interventions by individuals, parents, educators, and policymakers to mitigate the long-term health consequences and foster healthier digital habits. By recognizing the physical toll of digital overload, we can work towards creating a healthier and more sustainable digital environment for students, promoting overall well-being and academic success.